First I tried to to part 2 with a very poor regex strategy and the performance was abysmal. Switched to plain substrings and boom, instant result.

Golang

func part1() {
	ranges := readInput()
	invalidSum := 0

	for _, r := range ranges {
		parts := strings.Split(r, "-")
		start, _ := strconv.Atoi(parts[0])
		end, _ := strconv.Atoi(parts[1])

		for num := start; num <= end; num++ {
			current := strconv.Itoa(num)
			n := len(current)
			if n%2 != 0 {
				continue
			}
			left := current[:n/2]
			right := current[n/2:]
			if left == right {
				invalidSum += num
			}
		}
	}

	fmt.Println(invalidSum)
}

func part2() {
	ranges := readInput()
	invalidSum := 0

	for _, r := range ranges {
		parts := strings.Split(r, "-")
		start, _ := strconv.Atoi(parts[0])
		end, _ := strconv.Atoi(parts[1])

		for num := start; num <= end; num++ {
			current := strconv.Itoa(num)
			n := len(current)

			for index := 1; index <= n/2; index++ {
				if n%index != 0 {
					continue
				}

				left := 0
				right := index
				prefix := current[left:right]
				isRepeated := true
				for left < n && right < n {
					left = right
					right = right + index
					next := current[left:right]
					if next != prefix {
						isRepeated = false
						break
					}
				}

				if isRepeated {
					invalidSum += num
					break
				}
			}
		}
	}

	fmt.Println(invalidSum)
}