They were national liberation movements led by their respective national bourgeois, not communist movements who aimed for international communism and proletariat dictatorship. In Vietnamese declaration of independence, this is pretty much stated explicitly https://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5139/
Communism has no national character, it’s against the current state of things including nationalism.
The successful communist revolutions in Vietnam, Cuba, and elsewhere used nationalism.
They were national liberation movements led by their respective national bourgeois, not communist movements who aimed for international communism and proletariat dictatorship. In Vietnamese declaration of independence, this is pretty much stated explicitly https://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5139/
Communism has no national character, it’s against the current state of things including nationalism.